Week 3. OWL & 추론

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
 
# 클래스 정의
ex:Movie a owl:Class .
ex:Director a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf ex:Person .
 
# 서로소 클래스
ex:Movie owl:disjointWith ex:Person .
 
# 속성 제약
ex:directedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain ex:Movie ;
    rdfs:range ex:Director .

from owlready2 import *
 
onto = get_ontology("http://example.org/movie.owl")
 
with onto:
    class Movie(Thing): pass
    class Director(Thing): pass
 
    class directed_by(ObjectProperty):
        domain = [Movie]
        range = [Director]
 
    # 모든 영화는 최소 1명의 감독이 있어야 함
    class Movie(Thing):
        is_a = [directed_by.min(1, Director)]
 
    # 모든 영화는 최대 5명의 감독을 가질 수 있음
    class Movie(Thing):
        is_a = [directed_by.max(5, Director)]

with onto:
    # 대칭: A knows B → B knows A
    class knows(ObjectProperty, SymmetricProperty):
        pass
 
    # 전이: A ancestor B, B ancestor C → A ancestor C
    class ancestor_of(ObjectProperty, TransitiveProperty):
        pass
 
    # 역관계: directed 는 directedBy의 역
    class directs(ObjectProperty):
        inverse_property = directed_by

# 포함 관계: Director는 Person의 하위 클래스
# → Nolan (Director)은 Person이기도 함
 
# 속성 추론: directed_by의 역관계는 directs
# → (Movie1 directed_by Nolan) → (Nolan directs Movie1)
 
# 카디널리티 검증
# → 감독이 없으면 제약 위반 탐지

from owlready2 import *
 
onto = get_ontology("movie.owl").load()
 
# 추론 수행
with onto:
    sync_reasoner_pellet(infer_property_values=True)
 
# 추론 결과 확인
for movie in onto.Movie.instances():
    print(f"{movie.name}: {movie.directed_by}")

Classes:
├── Person
│   ├── Director
│   └── Actor
├── Movie
└── Genre

directed_by: Movie → Director
acted_in: Actor → Movie
has_genre: Movie → Genre

title: Movie → string
release_year: Movie → integer
name: Person → string

Movie:
  - directed_by min 1 Director
  - has_genre some Genre

from pyshacl import validate
 
shacl_shapes = """
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
 
ex:MovieShape a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass ex:Movie ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path ex:title ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    ] ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path ex:directed_by ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:class ex:Director ;
    ] .
"""
 
conforms, results_graph, results_text = validate(
    data_graph,
    shacl_graph=shacl_shapes,
    inference='rdfs'
)
print(f"검증 결과: {conforms}")

# 1. 베테랑 감독: 3편 이상 감독한 사람
class VeteranDirector(Director):
    equivalent_to = [Director & directed.min(3, Movie)]
 
# 2. 블록버스터: 평점 8.0 이상 + 러닝타임 120분 이상
class Blockbuster(Movie):
    equivalent_to = [Movie & rating.value(lambda x: x >= 8.0)
                          & runtime.value(lambda x: x >= 120)]
 
# 3. 콜라보레이터: 같은 감독과 2편 이상 작업한 배우
class FrequentCollaborator(Actor):
    # 동일 감독 영화에 2회 이상 출연